iron sulfide pyrophoric

Pyrophoric iron sulfide is created when iron oxide (rust) is converted into iron sulfide in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. A substance is pyrophoric (from Greek: πυροφόρος, pyrophoros, 'fire-bearing') if it ignites spontaneously in air at or below 54 °C (129 °F) (for gases) or within 5 minutes after coming into contact with air (for liquids and solids). O. O. Appendix A PYROPHORIC MATERIALS Pyrophoric materials react with air, or with moisture in air. Thus, an important aspect of the present invention is inclusion of a chemical additive that provides a quantitative measure of reaction completion. Molecular weight 119.98. When production stops for maintenance work, any iron sulfide present can react with the air through an oxidation reaction. Pyrophoric Iron (FeS) is a form of iron sulfide that combusts on exposure to oxygen; in this case with air. It makes no difference whether these pyrophoric sulfides exist as pyrite, troilite, marcasite, or pyrrhotite. Safe and effective control of pyrophoric iron deposits. They can deposit in the production tubing or on the pipe wall and accumulate in separators. Example pyrophoric materials include alkali metals and many organometallic compounds such as alkylmagnesiums, alkylzincs, and of course pyrophoric iron sulfide. The sludge and scale build-up on the walls of tanks, pipes, and other ferrous metal containers can contain iron sulfide. This compound is obtained by heating sulfur and iron according to the reaction: Fe + S → FeS. Iron sulfide is formed by conversion of iron oxide (Fe. Argon was purged through the entire apparatus for 30 minutes at a rate of 330 mL/min. The danger of pyrophoric iron sulfide (PIS) as a source of ignition in refinery operations is widely recognized. The presence of iron sulfide particles in the injected water can cause loss of injectivity in power water injectors 1-3 and water disposal wells. This chemical reaction between iron sulfide and oxygen generates a significant heat quantity. Example pyrophoric materials include alkali metals and many organometallic compounds such as alkylmagnesiums, alkylzincs, and of course pyrophoric iron sulfide. 3; rust) in an oxygen-free atmosphere in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H. 2 Pyrophoric Iron (FeS) is a form of iron sulfide that combusts on exposure to oxygen; in this case with air. It effectively chelates iron sulfide minerals to It also describes how to prevent the explosions that can occur when pyrophoric iron sulfide is exposed to oxygen. Is FeS an ionic compound? A process used to treat pyrophoric material uses sodium nitrite injected into a gaseous carrier stream to oxidize iron sulfides to . The reaction is very exothermic (it releases heat) and the ratio between iron and . Introduction In 1700 Lemery showed that when equal parts of iron filings and sulfur were mixed with water a Powdered iron sulfide is pyrophoric (ignites spontaneously in air). It is frequently found in solid iron sulfide scales in refinery units. Definition and Hazards Pyrophoric materials are substances that ignite instantly upon exposure to air, moisture in the air, oxygen or water. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. Examples are organolithium compounds and triethylborane.Pyrophoric materials are often water-reactive as well and will ignite when they contact water or . 3; rust) in an oxygen-free atmosphere in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H. 2 Smoke from the Fire at the Husky Superior Refinery. In practice, iron sulfides are often non-stoichiometric. Odor No odor. These can react exothermically and may be pyrophoric. Pyrophoric materials are often water-reactive as well and will ignite when they contact water or humid air. Sometimes with several intermediate reaction steps When this occurs inside equipment like columns, vessels, and tanks and exchangers containing residual hydrocarbons and air, the results can be devastating. When exposed to air, this is oxidized forming either iron oxide, sulfur or sulfur dioxide. sulphide) is one of a family chemical compounds and minerals with the approximate formula Fe S. Iron sulfides are often iron-deficient non-stoichiometric. pyrophoric iron sulfide sites and takes away fuel for burning. It effectively chelates iron sulfide . IRON SULFIDE DISSOLVER . The oil products usually contain hydrogen sulfide and thus on the pipe walls iron sulfides can form, which can be very dangerous from health and safety point of view. Prevents hazardous oxidation of iron sulfide and the potential dangers of a flash fire or explosion in hydrocarbon processing equipment. The reaction between pyrophoric iron sulfide and oxygen is exothermic and can provide enough heat to ignite any combustible material in or around the deposit. The iron sulfide is a pyrophoric material, thus it can ignite spontaneously in contact with air. JPX-EE may be added during steam injection, vapor phase cleaning, vapor phase decontamination or degassing, and with the degreasing circulation or refluxing rinse. Improved cleaning method safely removes pyrophoric iron sulfide Abstract Refinery process and storage equipment often becomes contaminated with pyrophoric iron sulfide and various odor-causing materials. damp hydrogen sulfide gas to give mackinawite, pyrite and/or greigite. Iron Chloride (FeCl 3 ) Iron Chloride Hydrate (FeCl 2 -4H 2 O) Download Download PDF. A study of research literature shows that the caustic tower environment is amenable to the formation of pyrophoric iron sulfide. A substance is pyrophoric (from Greek: πυροφόρος, pyrophoros, 'fire-bearing') if it ignites spontaneously in air at or below 54 °C (129 °F) (for gases) or within 5 minutes after coming into contact with air (for liquids and solids). Pyrophoric Iron Sulfide. The iron sulfide oxidizes exothermally when in contact with air. Odor Threshold N/A. It is easier to ignite when exposed to air. Persons opening or entering these compartments should first determine if H2S is present. Hydrogen sulfide gas was carried by argon purge to the iron oxide material which was in the fritted glass funnel which turned to black pyrophoric iron sulfide and produced a temperature of between 120 and 200° F. Hydrogen sulfide, often present in crude oil tankers, can react with rust to form various sulfides including mackinawite (FeS), greigite (Fe {sub 3}S {sub 4}), and pyrite (FeS {sub 2}). This chemical reaction only takes place in low oxygen conditions. Permanganate oxidizes pyrophoric iron sulfide to iron sulfate eliminating the potential for exothermic reactions Deactivated and safe for disposal in 3 steps: 1 Submerge filter in FQE Pyrophoric for 30 minutes 2 Let filters dry for at least 30 minutes 3 Dispose of in waste containers without risk of fire Gregite ([Fe.sub.3] Iron Sulfide Corrosion Products: [S.sub.4]) Pyrite (Fe[S.sub.2]) (i) Pyrophoric iron sulfide Marcasite (Fe[S.sub.2]) (pyrrhotite-FeS) results from Mackinawite (Fe[S.sub.0.9]) the . Iron sulfide, a dark brown or black mass with metallic luster, can spontaneously ignite when exposed to oxygen in the air. Specific Gravity 4.84 g/mL @ 20°C. Keep the amount of pyrophoric or water reactive material present in the lab to the smallest amount practical. Traditionally, refiners have used mechanical or chemical methods for removing and controlling these contaminants. Hence, it is impossible to judge whether a vessel has been made safe by simply opening the vessel and making an observation. JPX-EE is for refinery cleaning and refinery decontamination when pyrophoric materials may be a problem. useful for the dissolution and prevention of both pyrophoric and non-pyrophoric iron sulfide mineral deposition without the associated . A short summary of this paper. What is pyrophoric iron sulphide? Pyrophoric materials can ignite or burn spontaneously in air. The potentially pyrophoric iron sulfide or coke that builds up in tanks is not in the original asphalt, he continued, but is created when the asphalt is exposed to high temperatures. When the pyrophoric iron sulfide particles are exposed to air, they are oxidized back to iron oxide, generating a considerable amount of heat. Iron sulfide species have been known to cause operational problems in the oil industry. Pyrophoric Iron (FeS) is a form of iron sulfide that combusts on exposure to oxygen; in this case with air. Solids, gases, and liquids such as potassium, phosphine, sodium, phosphorous, uranium, and iron sulfide can all be pyrophoric.In some cases, the ignition can be triggered by division of the substance, as for example when someone cuts uranium into thin slices or rubs iron sulfide to create fine . JPX-EE is able to solubilize and oxidize any . 4FeS + 302 -----> 2Fe203 + 4s + Heat (2) . Vapor Density (air=1) N/A. Environment - Risk of pipeline emitting strong odour into the neighbouring community. Iron (II) sulfide or ferrous sulfide (Br.E. Credit: WDIO ABC News. Pyrophoricity A pyrophoric substance is a substance that will ignite spontaneously in air. Iron sulphide powder is pyrophoric (spontaneously ignites in the air). RTI cleaned the fractionator and overhead system with the patented QuikTurn process to remove all hydrocarbons. I. ron sulfIde control & remedIatIon. Get medical attention. Define pyrophoric. pyrophoric iron fires At one time or another, most refineries experience spontaneous ignition of iron sulfide Either on the ground or inside equipment. Iron (II) sulphide is obtained by heating sulfur and iron according to the reaction: The reaction is very exothermic (releases heat) and . The tendency for these compounds to react with oxygen in air to form potentially explosive mixtures depends upon their morphology and the environmental conditions. Instances of fires in crude columns during turnarounds, explosions in sulfur, crude or asphalt storage tanks, overpressures in vessels, etc., due to pyrophoric iron ignition are not uncommon. Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) combined with rust from steel tanks or pipes can create iron sulfide, which is a pyrophoric, and can ignite, if exposed to air. Melting Point 1195°C. acid gas emissions. sulphide) is a chemical compound with the formula Fe S. In the oil/gas industry, iron sulfides are often present in a sour system due to reaction between corrosion products and hydrogen sulfide. 4 Accumulation of iron sulfide and biomass around downhole screens and perforations can cause loss of productivity of water supply wells. I. The Husky Superior Refinery's FCCU training manual states that, "The danger of iron sulfide exists in its 'pyrophoric' properties, that is to say, Figure 2. Pyrophoric Iron (FeS) is a form of iron sulfide that combusts on exposure to oxygen; in this case with air. When the equipment is opened to the atmosphere for maintenance, an exothermic reaction can take place that may cause injury to personnel and catastrophic damage to equipment. Pyrophoric material such as iron sulfide is frequently found in refinery equipment. The ignition point of the iron sulfide is about 40. Some types of cleaning chemicals used by janitors may pose risk of combusting at normal temperatures. Formation of pyrophoric iron sulfide (PIS) on the inside-walls of molten sulfur, crude oil or asphalt tanks is the problem to be solved to avoid accidental explosions in petroleum industries. Solubility Not soluble in water. MSDS # 369.00 Iron (II) Sulfide Scholar Chemistry Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties Molecular formula FeS. Skin Contact Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water while removing all contaminated clothes and shoes. Guidelines for Pyrophoric Materials . 2. Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.Donate to NurdRage!Through Patreon (preferr. 26 Full PDFs related to this paper. The iron (II) sulfide, also called ferrous sulfide, is a chemical compound with the formula FeS. Barium Sulfate Scale. This Paper. pyrophoric or water reactive chemicals will be used. The reactivity of an iron sulphide depends on the type of iron oxide from which it was derived. This bulletin explains how pyrophoric materials can form in tanks. "When we're talking about pyrophoric materials, we're talking about materials that can spontaneously ignite regardless of heat," Lee said. When the equipment is opened to the atmosphere for maintenance, an exothermic reaction can take place that may cause injury to personnel and catastrophic damage to equipment. Learn More. Download PDF Pyrophoric material such as iron sulfide is frequently found in refinery equipment. In an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, iron and steel will react with H 2 S to form iron sulfide deposits on the surface of the metal. Methods to increase stability and reduce the danger of pyrophoric oxidation are discussed. Once hydrocarbon free, the overhead system was treated with steam and Quench to oxidize pyrophoric iron sulfide into iron oxide. This course has been discontinued At one time or another, most refineries experience spontaneous ignition of iron sulfide either on the ground or inside equipment. Pyrophoric iron sulfide will produce heat when introduced to oxygen. What is Pyrophoric Iron? A process used to treat pyrophoric material uses sodium nitrite injected into a gaseous carrier stream to oxidize iron sulfides to elemental sulfur and iron oxides. When this occurs inside equipment like Columns, vessels, and tanks and exchangers containing residual hydrocarbons and air, the results can be devastating. adj. Powdered iron sulfide is pyrophoric. When exposed to air, this is oxidized forming either iron oxide, sulfur or sulfur dioxide. Specific Gravity 4.84 g/mL @ 20°C. Typical reactions which occur are oxidation and hydrolysis, and the heat generated by the reactions may ignite the chemical. Sulfidox will oxidize pyrophoric iron sulfide to iron sulfate, eliminating the potential for exothermic reactions (pyrophorics) during entry for maintenance of storage tanks. We also need to be concerned with the fact the pyrophoric material can create heat which can ignite residual hydrocarbons associated with the equipment containing the pyrophoric material. Toxic sulfide odors can also be formed during these turnarounds. The internal structure of the caustic tower and preliminary decontamination actions are determining factors in the level of concern for pyrophoric fires during turnaround. The iron in the steel reacts with hydrogen sulfide to create an iron crust scale on the metal surface. FQE® Pyrophoric is a non-toxic, non-hazardous product that is safer to apply than other methods available (i.e., potassium permanganate or acidification). In order to study the influence of the pyrophoric sulfide over the minimum ignition temperature of combustible dusts for this work were performed several experiments on a residue . Pyrophoric compound + oxygen (typically air) ---> Oxide of the compound + heat . It is formed in the gas stream where H 2 S exceeds the concentration of oxygen. It effectively chelates iron sulfide minerals and emulsifies hydrocarbon foulant to provide vessel or unit entry with . Iron sulfide is formed by conversion of iron oxide (Fe. When this occurs inside equipment like columns, vessels, and tanks and exchangers containing residual hydrocarbons and air, the results can be devastating. It's very difficult to know when and where pyrophorics may exist, so proper maintenance and inspection of all equipment is necessary. Iron sulﬁde (FeS) is an example of a pyrophoric material that generates heat when exposed to air. As most pyrophorics react violently with water, do not allow pyrophoric materials to come in contact Iron (II) sulphide (Ferrous Sulphide or Iron Sulphide) is a chemical compound with the formula FeS. Scope A variety of solids are pyrophoric (spontaneously ignite in air) including (but not necessarily limited to): Finely divided metals (bismuth, calcium, hafnium, iron, magnesium, titanium, uranium, zirconium) Most pyrophoric iron fires occur during shutdowns, when vessels, columns and heat exchangers are opened for maintenance and inspection. Keep combustible materials, including paper towels and Kimwipes, away from reactive reagents. Pyrophoric Remover JPX-EE. First-aid measures Eye Contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. 2. 350 F. Pyrophoric iron sulfide, commonly present in such tanks, may cause ignition below 350 F. Toxic quantities of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may be present in storage tanks and bulk transport vessels which contain or have contained this material. MSDS # 369.00 Iron (II) Sulfide Scholar Chemistry Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties Molecular formula FeS. 1. . Examples are iron sulfide and many reactive metals including uranium, when powdered or thinly sliced. This will minimize the risk if a fire should occur. FeS can be obtained by reacting iron and sulfur. Pyrophoric Iron Fires. Pyrophoric solids generally smolder before igniting; pyrophoric liquids generally ignite immediately on exposure to air; pyrophoric gases may form jet fires if escaping from a vessel following a mechanical failure. He Iron sulfide (II) , Also called ferrous sulfide, is a chemical compound of formula FeS. IRON SULFIDE DISSOLVER is a 75% aqueous solution of THPS useful for the dissolution and prevention of both pyrophoric and non-pyrophoric iron sulfide mineral deposition without the associated acid gas emissions. is a 75% aqueous solution of THPS. Pyrophoric Iron Sulfide in Oil and Natural Gas Wastewater Tanks. Pryrophoric fires are caused by iron sulfide (FeS) residues, which can ignite spontaneously when coming into contact with air. pyrophoric synonyms, pyrophoric pronunciation, pyrophoric translation, English dictionary definition of pyrophoric. It is formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with carbon steel. Odor Threshold N/A. Pyrophoric sulfides influence over the minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud. Iron Sulfide (II): Properties, Risks and Uses. Once oxidized with Quench, the It is formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with carbon steel. Most commonly, pyrophoric iron fires . In some cases, these reactions liberate flammable gases which makes ignition a certainty and explosion a real possibility. The iron sulfide oxidizes exothermally when in contact with air. The iron in the steel reacts with hydrogen sulfide to create an iron crust scale on the metal surface. 5 Build-up of iron . Iron sulﬁde is generated when iron oxide (rust) is chemically converted to FeS by hydrogen sulﬁde (H 2 S) when the H 2 S concentration exceeds that of oxygen (O 2 New users of pyrophoric reagents must work under the close supervision of an experienced user. Most pyrophoric iron fires occur during shutdowns, when vessels, columns and heat exchangers are opened for maintenance and inspection. It is formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with carbon steel. S8 (s) + 8Fe(s) → 8FeS(s) A pyrophoric iron sulfide deposit, when dry, will auto-ignite upon exposure to air at ambient temperatures according to Equation 2. YouTube. Nickle carbonyl in some catalysts. The sodium nitrite solution may. Waste - Potential of crude oil vacuum residue in the line from a previous relief incident. As previously stated, due to the sub-micron particle size of iron sulfide, it has an enormous surface area-to-volume ratio. The most dangerous formation of pyrophoric deposits of oil in storage tanks, where their self-ignition may ignite the vapor mixture and explosion [1]. Iron (II) sulfide or ferrous sulfide (Br.E. IRON SULFIDE DISSOLVER OSP-1 is a fully-formulated remediation product designed to remove both pyrophoric and non-pyrophoric iron sulfide mineral deposits, entrapped in hydrocarbon fouling or within an aggressive hydrocarbon matrix, without the associated acid gas emissions. Solubility Not soluble in water. Other common hazards include corrosivity, teratogenicity, and organic peroxide formation, along with damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Appearance Dark yellow, granular powder. Molecular weight 119.98. Pyrophoric iron sulfides are formed in the process equipment, storage tanks, oil wells by interaction with the hydrogen sulfide corrosion products contained in the sour crude [3]. Iron sulfide deposits can exist inside FCCU equipment. Appearance Dark yellow, granular powder. The iron sulfide is a pyrophoric material, thus it can ignite spontaneously in contact with air. Examples are organolithium compounds and triethylborane.Pyrophoric materials are often water-reactive as well and will ignite when they contact water or . Fires Due To Pyrophoric Iron Sulfide - posted in Safety and Chemical Processing Incidents: Please guide me on Incidents involving Pyrophoric Iron Sulfide generation and oxidation resulting into consequent "Fires".With particular reference to petroleum refineries;Fuel and Lubes Producing.Thanks/RegardsS M Wasi Alavi It is formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with carbon steel. When these sulfur compounds on the vessel wall of iron and iron oxide long-term corrosion, will generate iron sulfide (Fe2Ss). Vapor Density (air=1) N/A. When a refinery processes sour crude oil, Sulfidox controls toxic odors by oxidizing sulfides to odorless sulfates. IRON SULFIDE REMEDIATION. It's important to take preventive measures when emptying tanks or vessels, or when opening equipment and piping for inspections and maintenance. Care is taken to remove accumulated PIS from refinery process equipment before the equipment is opened for maintenance. As the iron-sulphide compounds dry out and come in contact with air, they react with the oxygen and spontaneously ignite. At one time or another, most refineries experience spontaneous ignition of iron sulphide either on the ground or inside equipment. Pyrophoric iron sulfide scale, when exposed to air, reacts exothermically and can result in a fire. Most commonly, pyrophoric iron fires occur during shutdowns when equipmen. Pyrophoric iron sulphides present a hazard when equipment and tanks are opened for cleaning, inspection, and maintenance. Often the cause of such accidents is a lack of understanding of the phenomenon of pyrophoric iron fires. Iron(II)sulfide Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 Component CAS No Weight % Iron sulfide (FeS) 1317-37-9 100 4. All are black, water-insoluble solids. Maria Prodan. Iron sulfides, as a class of common pyrophoric materials, are widely formed and deposited on the internal surface of transportation, storage, and refinery equipment in oil, petrochemical, and. Pyrophoric iron sulfide oxidizes exothermally when exposed to air. (i) Pyrophoric iron sulfide (pyrrhotite-FeS) results from the corrosive action of sulfur or sulfur compounds (H 2 S) on the iron (steel) and moisture. Safety - Risk of fire due to pyrophoric iron sulphide, hydrocarbon condensates and gases in the line. Melting Point 1195°C. IRON SULFIDE DISSOLVER. Some iron sulfides (known as pyrophoric iron sulfide) are unstable and, when exposed to air, will undergo a rapid chemical reaction creating an ignition source that should be considered during equipment shutdowns. The iron in the steel reacts with hydrogen sulfide to create an iron crust scale on the metal surface. Odor No odor. Iron sulfide is one such pyrophoric material that oxidizes exothermically when exposed to air. S exceeds the concentration of oxygen inside equipment fire at the Husky Superior refinery definition. Is obtained by reacting iron and ignition in refinery units 4 Accumulation of iron sulfide into oxide. This will minimize the risk if a fire should occur measures Eye contact immediately... Depends on the metal surface depends upon their morphology and the ratio between iron sulfide and generates. Most pyrophoric iron sulfide pyrophoric sulfide is formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with carbon steel making an.... 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